Joseph: Journal of Science and Pharmacy merupakan jurnal ilmiah yang diterbitkan oleh Universitas An Nuur sebagai media publikasi dan diseminasi hasil penelitian di bidang ilmu pengetahuan alam dan farmasi. Jurnal ini bertujuan untuk mendorong kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan melalui penyebaran informasi ilmiah yang berkualitas, relevan, dan berdampak bagi dunia akademik, praktisi, serta masyarakat luas. Sebagai bagian dari kontribusi Universitas An Nuur dalam pengembangan ilmu dan teknologi, Joseph: Journal of Science and Pharmacy hadir untuk menjadi sarana ilmiah yang kredibel, inovatif, dan berorientasi pada pemecahan masalah nyata di bidang sains dan farmasi, baik di tingkat nasional maupun internasional. Joseph: Journal of Science and Pharmacy An Nuur menerbitkan makalah secara berkala satu kali setahun, pada bulan Desember. Edisi pertama terbit pada bulan April 2021. Jurnal Joseph: Journal of Science and Pharmacy diterbitkan oleh LPPM Universitas An Nuur dan telah terdaftar di LIPI dengan e-ISSN: 2809-8196 untuk online media.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizus) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus epidermidis
Background: Red dragon fruit skin has many benefits, but currently the utilization of red dragon fruit skin has not been carried out optimally so that it becomes environmental waste. One of the benefits is as an antibacterial because it contains flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. Purpose: To determine the potential of red dragon fruit peel extract in inhibiting bacterial growth against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. Method: Red dragon fruit peel was macerated with 70% ethanol, characterized by specific parameters and nonspecific parameters and tested for antibacterial activity using the disc method with concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 40%, then the results of the antibacterial data obtained were tested by oneway-Anova analysis and Post Hoc Tukey. Results: The yield results obtained were 10.66%, dark brown in color, sour smell, sticky and thick texture. Red dragon fruit peel extract contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and phenols. The extract is free from ethanol. The moisture content of the powder was found to be 9.85±0.057. Specific gravity 0.956±0.006. Bacterial test results obtained 10% concentration 4.1mm, 20% concentration 8.1mm, 40% concentration 16mm, positive control 31.2mm. The results of data analysis are significant at 0.000, and each concentration has a significant difference. Conclusion: Red dragon fruit peel extract has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis
Antibacterial, red dragon fruit skin extract, Staphylococcus epidermidis
Copyright (c) 2025 Joseph: Journal of Science and Pharmacy
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTI JAMUR SEDIAAN GEL EKSTRAK DAUN TURI PUTIH (Sesbania grandiflora L.) TERHADAP JAMUR Candida albicans
Background: One of the plants that has anti-fungal potential is the white Turi Plant (Sesbania grandriflora) white turi leaf extract (Sesbania grandiflora) which is suspected to be able to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans, one of the fungi that cause candidiasis. Purpose: This study aims to determine the antifungal activity of Sesbania grandriflora white turi leaf extract gel against the fungus Candida albicans, determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (KHM) and determine the content of secondary metabolite compounds. Method: The leaves (Sesbania grandriflora) are extracted by maceration with a 70% ethanol solvent. The extracts obtained were subjected to phytochemical screening tests. The antifungal activity test of turi leaf extract gel was carried out by the well method against Candida albicans. The positive control used was the 2% dandruff gel while the negative control used was the gel preparation without the extract. Results: White turi leaf extract gel (Sesbania grandriflora) has antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Conclusion: Based on the results of the research on the Antifungal Activity Test of Sesbania glandriflora White Turi Leaf Extract Gel Preparation against Candida albicans Fungus, it can be concluded as follows: 1. Sesbania glandriflora (L.) white turquoise leaf extracthas the content of Saponins, flavonoids, and tannins 2. Sesbania glandriflora (L.) white turquoise leaf extractgel preparation has the activity of inhibiting the fungusCandida albicans The most effective formulation of Sesbania glandriflora (L.) white turi extract gel preparation against the growth of Candida albicans fungus is Formulation 3 with a concentration of 8% of 20.65 mm, included in the very strong group
Antifungal, white dun turi extract gel, Candida albicans
UJI STABILITAS FISIK SEDIAAN SERUM WAJAH EKSTRAK DAUN BELIMBING MANIS (Averrhoa carambola L.) DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI PROPILEN GLIKOL SEBAGAI HUMEKTAN
Background: Sweet star fruit leaf (Averrhoa carambola L.) is a plant that contains antibacterial compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids that are used as acne therapy. Several product dosage forms have been developed for serum, one of which is in form slightly viscous. Humectants serve to improve the stability of the material over long period of time. Purpose: This research was conducted to find out at what oncentration propylene glycol as a humectant meets the physical stability test of a good serum preparations. Method: Sweet star fruit leaf (Averrhoa carambola L.) was extracted using the maceration method using methanol. The serum preparation consists of 3 formula with different concentrations of propylene glycol, namely formula I 15%, formula II 20% and formula III 25%. Evaluation of physical stability was carried out with 12 days in an accelerated test (Cycling test) with organoleptic testing parameters, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, adhesion and spreadability. Results: Serum preparations of weet star fruit leaf extract (Averrhoa carambola L.) in formula I, formula II and formula III have physical characteristics and stability that comply with SNI standards. Conclusion: The concentration of propylene glycol 25% in formula III shows the most stable serum stability properties compared to formula I and formula II
Stability test, Serum, sweet star fruit leaf
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SEDIAAN FACE TONER EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% DAUN SALAM (Syzygium polyanthum) TERHADAP BAKTERIStaphylococcus aureus
Background: Salam leaves contain several chemical compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids and tannins which are active compounds that are effective as drugs that can cure infectious diseases caused by bacteria. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of bay leaf extract face toner preparations against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Method: Bay leaves are extracted with 70% ethanol by maceration. The ethanol extract of bay leaves is formulated into a facial toner preparation and then tested for antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion method or the Kirby Bauer method. Results: The results of the research show that the face toner preparation with 70% ethanol extract of salam (Syzygium polyanthum) contains alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids and tannins. Ethanol extract of salam leaf has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with the inhibition zone diameter of F1 of 10.28 mm, F2 of 11.24 mm, and F3 of 12.24 mm. Conclusion: Facial toner preparation of bay leaf extract (Syzygium polyanthum) provides the strongest antibacterial activity in F3 against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with an inhibitory zone diameter of 12.24 mm
antibacterial activity, face toner, bay leaf, staphylococcus aureus
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) TERHADAP BAKTERIStaphylococcus epidermidis
Background: Acne is a skin problems characterized by the appearance of papules, pustules, blackheads, and nodules. Acne can be exacerbated by the bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis which infects inflamed skin tissue. Antibiotic can be used to treat infections, but they can cause side effects. Therefore it is necessary to do alternative medicine using natural ingredients. Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) leaves contain active compouds such as alkaloids, triterpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, and tannins which are antibacterial because they can damage bacterial cell walls. Purpose: The aim of this research was to determine the antibacterial activity of pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) leaf extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. Method: This type of research is an experimental study with the disc diffusion method. Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) leaves were extracted by maceration method using 70% ethanol as solvent. Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) leaves extract at made contrations of 60%, 80%, 100%. Results: The results showed that pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) leaf extract with concentrations of 60%, 80% and 100% had an average zone of inhibition of 18,39 mm, 21,24 mm and 22,61 mm. Conclusion: Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) leaf extract has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria
Antibacterial, Pegagan, Staphylococcus epidermidis
Uji Aktivitas Serum Anti Aging Ekstrak Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum)
Background : Skin aging is a natural process characterized by a decrease in skin elasticity, firmness, and moisture, as well as the appearance of wrinkles caused by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as UV exposure and free radicals. The use of natural ingredients as anti-aging agents is increasingly being explored, one of which is bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum), known to contain active compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and antioxidants that can combat free radicals and slow down the skin aging process. Objective : To evaluate the anti-aging activity of a serum formulation containing bay leaf extract as the main ingredient. Method : Bay leaf extract was obtained through a maceration process and then formulated into a serum with various concentrations. The effectiveness test was conducted on rabbits using a Skin Analyzer device to measure skin parameters such as moisture, elasticity, and wrinkle depth before and after serum application. Results : The study showed that the serum containing 4.5% extract concentration provided the most significant improvement in skin condition, with notable increases in moisture and elasticity and a marked reduction in wrinkle depth. Therefore, bay leaf extract has potential as an active agent in anti-aging skincare products.
Syzigium polyanthum, anti-aging, Formulasi serum, uji mutu fisik serum, Skyn Analyzer
Uji Stabilitas Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averhoa blimbi L.) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Emulgator
Background: Belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) has been widely utilized as a traditional medicinal ingredient due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. A stable cream preparation formulation is very important to maintain the effectiveness of its active ingredients. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the physical stability of Belimbing wuluh leaf extract cream preparation with variations in emulgator concentration. Purpose: To determine the effect of varying TEA concentration on cream stability, determining the effect of variations in stearic acid concentration on cream stability, determining the optimal concentration of TEA and stearic acid to obtain a stable cream formulation. Method: This study used an experimental method with a cream formulation containing stearic acid (10%, 12%, 14%) and triethanolamine (TEA) (4%, 5%, 6%). Stability evaluation was done through organoleptic test, pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesiveness, and cycling test. Results: The cream preparation showed good homogeneity with a light brown color and characteristic odor of the extract. The pH value ranged from 7.50 to 8.04, in accordance with topical cream standards. Viscosity increased as the concentration of stearic acid and TEA increased. Spreadability and stickiness decreased after the accelerated stability test, but remained within acceptable limits. Conclusion: Cream formulations with a combination of stearic acid and TEA provide good physical stability. The formula with 14% stearic acid and 6% TEA showed more optimal physical characteristics than the other formulas
Cream stability, Star fruit, Emulgator, Stearic Acid, TEA
FORMULATION AND TESTING OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF FACE TONER PREPARATION FROM 70% AVOCADO LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT
Background: Improper use of antibiotics will cause resistance in bacteria so that other alternatives are needed such as the use of avocado plants as antibacterial plants. Purpose: To determine the antibacterial activity of avocado leaf ethanol extract on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Method: Laboratory experimental research to see the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract and avocado leaf fractions with concentrations of 15%, 20% and 25%. Antibacterial activity tests were carried out using the disk diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and comparing the inhibition zones formed from each treatment with the positive control, namely Tetracycline. The inhibition power obtained was then analyzed using the One Way Anova statistical method. Results: The content of 70% avocado leaf ethanol extract compounds consists of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids and terpenoids. Face toner preparation of 70% ethanol extract of avocado leaves F1 (15%) has 11.5 mm, F2 (20%) has 15.7 mm and F3 (25%) has 21.4% antibacterial activity against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Conclusion: Formula 3 with a concentration of 25% with an inhibition zone of 21.4 mm has the most optimal antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The most optimal avocado leaf face toner preparation as an antibacterial activity for Staphylococcus aureus is a concentration of 25%
Facetoner, 70% Ethanol Extract, Avocado Leaves, Staphylococcus aureus
Determinan Health- Related Quality of Life Pasien Terapi Hemodialysis dengan Instrument EQ5D-5L
Background: Chronic kidney disease is caused by an increase in serum creatinine values of 20% in the kidneys. One of the management therapies for chronic kidney disease is hemodialysis therapy. The EQ5D-5L instrument is an instrument that can be used to measure the quality of chronic kidney patients. The aim of the study was to determine the description of patients with hemodialysis therapy and determine the response of patients to hemodialysis therapy with EQ5D-5L. Method: The research method is quantitative descriptive. Data collection used the EQ5D-5L instrument with the inclusion criteria of patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease in patients aged more than 19 years. Sampling using the accidental sampling method was 100 respondents. Data analysis uses univariate analysis determinants. Results: The results of the study showed that patients with the highest range were aged 45-64 with a percentage of 67%, the proportion of male had the highest value with a percentage of 63%, the highest CCI value was in the range 3-4 with a percentage of 44% and the most therapy implementation was less than 1 year of therapy with a percentage of 59%. The utility measurement results showed that the EQ5D-5L average value was 0.595 and the VAS average value was 80, for the EQ5D-5L SD value was 0.225 and the VAS SD value was 6.464, with the EQ5D-5L median value being 0.624 and the VAS median value being 80. The most dominant response was pain at 75% and anxiety at 62%. Conclusion: Conclusion. The results of the study showed that the age of hemolysis therapy was highest in men with an average EQ5D-5L utility value of 0.595 and an average VAS value of 80. The most dominant response was pain at 75% and anxiety at 62%
Intrumen EQ5D-5L ; Health- Related Quality of Life ; Terapi Hemodalisa
UJI AKTIVITAS SALEP EKSTRAK DAUN JAMBU AIR (Syzygiumsemarangense) DENGAN BASIS HIDROKARBON TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA SAYAT PADA KELINCI
Background: Water guava leaves contain chemical compounds in the form of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins which are effective in healing wounds. Water guava leaves are used in several countries, including Indonesia, where they are used as a traditional medicine for healing wounds. Objective: To determine the hydrocarbon ointment base of water guava leaves (Syzygium semarangense) which can provide activity in healing cuts in rabbits. Method: Water guava leaf extract was obtained using the meseration method, then thickened and carried out a phytochemical screening test and thin layer chromatography to determine the compound content of water guava leaf extract which functions for healing cut wounds. Then it is formulated in the form of an ointment and the physical quality of the ointment is tested including organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH test, spreadability test, adhesiveness test, viscosity test, and ointment type test. Making an ointment formulation using water guava leaf extract using 3 (three) test animals with 5 (five) treatment groups, namely water guava leaf extract ointment with 10%, 15% and 20% hydrocarbon base, negative control with ointment base, control positive for povidone iodine 10%. All rabbits were injured with a wound length of 2 cm with a depth of ± 0.2 cm. The wound was smeared 3 times a day with the tested ointment. Wound observations were carried out every day (days 0 to 14). Data analysis was carried out using One-Way ANOVA.Results: The results of phytochemical screening tests and thin layer chromatography show that water guava leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. The formulation of water guava leaf extract ointment with a hydrocarbon base meets the physical quality test requirements for ointments such as organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, stickiness, viscosity and the type of ointment produced is A/M, except for the spreadability at a concentration of 20% due to the addition The higher concentration of cera alba and vaseline causes the spreadability of the ointment to become lower. The wound narrows, forms a scab and closes the wound. The statistical test results had a significant effect on wound healing in rabbits, namely (p<0.05). Conclusion: Providing an ointment with ethanol extract of water guava leaves (Syzygium semarangense) with a hydrocarbon base at a concentration of 10% provides the most optimal effect on healing cuts in rabbits.
Syzygium semarangense, thin layer chromatography, Hydrocarbon Ointment, Cuts, New Zealand Rabbits
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TESTING OF COLLASE LEAF EXTRACT (Centella asiatica L.) AGAINST Propionibacterium acnesBACTERIA
Background: Propionibacterium acnes or P.acnes is a normal skin flora bacteria, but can be the cause of opportunistic infections in the form of acne. Generally, acne is treated using antibacterials aimed at reducing the colonization of bacteria. The centtella asiatica plant (Centtella asiatica) is a plant of one genus as Centella. Research shows that leaf ethanol extract (Centtella asiatica) has antibacterial activity. Purpose: This study aims to determine the antibattery activity of Centella asiatica leaf extract against Propionibacterium acnes and adequate concentration in inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes. Method: Centella asiatica leaves (Centella asiatica) were extracted by maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent. The dieprolwh extract was carried out phytochemical tests and antibacterial activity tests with the well method against Propionibacterium acnes. Clindamycin positive control 20μg, DMSO negative control 10%. Results: Phytochemical test of ethanol extract of centella asiatica leaves containing
Antibacterial, Centella asiatica leaf ethanol extract, Propionibacterium acnes
UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% DAUN BELIMBING MANIS (Averrhoa carambola L.) DARI DESA TARUB TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus
Background: Acne or acne vulgaris is ranked as the most common disease in the world, with a prevalence of 9.4% of the world's population. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria has a percentage of 79% in causing acne. The content of secondary metabolites in plants can act as an antibacterial with a strong mechanism of action. One of them is starfruit leaves (Averrhoa carambola L.) which contain antibacterial properties such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins. There are many populations of this plant in Tarub Village, Tawangharjo District, Grobogan Regency Purpose: To determine the antibacterial effectiveness of 70% ethanol extract of sweet starfruit leaves (Averrhoa carambola L.) obtained in Tarub village against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria Method: Leaves of starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) were extracted by maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent and antibacterial test by paperdisk method with concentration variances of 60%, 75% 90%. Results: Phytochemical screening of starfruit leaf extract (Averrhoa carambola L.) contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and saponins. Antibacterial test of sweet starfruit leaf extract produced the largest inhibition zone diameter of 14.29 mm at a concentration of 60%. Conclusion: Leaf extract of sweet star fruit effectively inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
Sweet Carambola, antibacterial effectiveness
UJI ANTIOKSIDAN DARI FORMULASI SEDIAAN FACE MIST EKSTRAK DAUN JAMBU AIR (Syzygium samarangense)
Background :Antioxidants are compounds that can neutralize free radicals. One of the most frequently used antioxidant cosmetic preparations is face mist. Purpose : To make face mist preparations of water guava leaf extract (Syzygium samarangense) with good physical quality and IC50 value. Method : Water guava leaf extract (Syzygium samarangense) was macerated with 70% ethanol solvent and tested for water content, drying shrinkage, ethanol free, and chemical compound content. Next, evaluation of the preparation was carried out and antioxidant test were carried out on the face mist of water guava leaves (Syzygium samarangense) with concentrations of extract FI 3 grams, FII 5 grams, and FIII 7 grams using the UV-VIS spectrophotometric DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method at wavelength of 517 nm with ratio of vitamin C. Result : This research shows that water guava leaf extract (Syzygium samarangense) can be used as a good face mist preparation and contains flavonoids, saponin, tannin, and triterpenoid which act as antioxidant. On the face mist preparation of guava leaf extract (Syzygium samarangense) produced good physical quality and the IC50 value at FI was 24,54 ppm, FII was 17,61 ppm, and FIII was 8,86 ppm, so that face mist preparation had the best antioxidant content is an FIII preparation with an IC50 value of 8,86 ppm. Conclusion : Water guava leaf extract (Syzygium samarangense) can be made into a face mist with good physical quality and produces the best antioxidant antivity in FIII preparations with an IC50 value of 8,86 ppm
Water guava leaf, Face mist, Antioxidant
Uji Stabilitas Formulasi Sediaan Gel Nano Partikel Eksktrak Etanol Daun Singkong (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Background; Peel-off gel masks are an alternative dosage form that can enhance user comfort and are expected to improve the antioxidant activity of papaya fruit. Papaya (Carica papaya) exhibits antioxidant activity due to the presence of components such as beta-carotene, vitamin C, and lycopene. Objective : This study aims to determine whether the methanol extract of papaya fruit can be formulated into a peel-off facial gel mask and to identify the optimal concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)—the main base ingredient of peel-off gel masks—that provides the best physical and chemical properties, as well as antioxidant activity with the most favorable IC50 value. Method; The extraction method used was maceration with methanol as the solvent. PVA was used at concentrations of 2.5%, 8.75%, and 17.5%. Physical property tests included organoleptic evaluation, adhesion test, and spreadability test, while chemical properties were evaluated using pH testing. Results; Based on the results, the methanol extract of papaya fruit can be successfully formulated into a peel-off facial gel mask. The formula containing 8.75% PVA met organoleptic standards, had an adhesion time of 20.16 ± 2.90 seconds, spreadability of 10.2 ± 1.28 cm, a pH value of 7.13, and an IC50 value of 80.52 µg/mL, indicating strong antioxidant activity. Conclusion : From the formulation and physical evaluation of the peel-off gel mask containing ethanol extract of tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L.), a thick brown gel with a characteristic tea leaf aroma was obtained. Evaluation results showed a pH value of 5, drying time of 20 minutes, spreadability within acceptable range, adhesion time of 8.73 seconds, and no irritation was observed during the irritation test, indicating that the peel-off gel mask is safe for use
Nanopartikel, Peel-off, Antioksidan, Ekstrak Etanol Daun Singkong, Uji Stabilitas Fisik
FORMULASI GEL HAND SANITIZER EKSTRAK DAUN PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica) DAN AKTIVITASNYA TERHADAPStaphylococcus aureus
Background: Indonesia is a tropical country that has very abundant biodiversity and has various potentials for health. One of these biodiversities is pegagan leaves (Centella asiatica). Pegagan (Centella asiatica) is one of the plants that contains antibacterial substances, including flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols and steroids. Prevention of the spread of bacteria can be done by washing hands with soap and clean running water. Along with the development of science and technology, cleaning hands does not have to use water and soap but can use antiseptic hand gel (hand sanitizer) to kill microorganisms on the surface of the skin. Purpose: to determine whether the gotu kola leaf extract hand sanitizer gel preparation has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus Method: Extraction by maceration of pegagan leaf extract (Centella asiatica) using 96% ethanol solvent. After obtaining a thick extract, then enter it into the formulation to make a hand sanitizer gel preparation which is then tested on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria using the disc diffusion method. Results: The results of this study showed that the hand sanitizer gel with pegagan extract (Centella asiatica) showed an inhibitory effect on bacterial growth with an inhibitory value of 15.4 mm in formulation 3 with a pegagan extract concentration of 60%. Conclusion: Hand sanitizer gel from pegagan extract (Centella asiatica) has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus
gel hand sanitizer, pegagan (Centella asiatica), Staphylocuccus aureus
EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN OBAT CETIRIZINE DAN LORATADIN SEBAGAI ANTIHISTAMIN DI APOTEK KUSUMA FARMA KUDUS
Background: Allergies are immune system reactions that occur after exposure to certain allergens. Antihistamines are widely used for the treatment of a variety of conditions, including acute allergic reactions, allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic asthma, urticaria and atopic dermatitis. Examples of antihistamines that are widely used are cetirizine and loratadine. Purpose: This study aims to determine the percentage of use of cetirizine and loratadine and to determine whether there is a significant difference in the use of the two antihistamines. Method: The research conducted was non-experimental, descriptive analysis, and retrospective. The subjects in this study were all allergic patients who received cetirizine and loratadine drugs at the Kusuma Farma Pharmacy during January-July 2021. Then the analysis and calculation of the percentage of cetirizine and loratadine drugs and the T-Test test were carried out to test the differences in use between the two drugs. Results: This study found that the majority of patients using cetirizine and lortadi were male (50,87%). The most use of Cetirizin was in January 2021 as many as 80 tablets and the least in April 2021, while the most Loratadine use was in July 2021 as many as 47 tablets and the least was in March. From January to July 2021, the use of Cetirizin was 354 tablets (68.13%), while the use of Loratadine in January to July 2021 was 167 tablets (31.87%).Conclusion: From the results of the evaluation study of the use of antihistamines Cetirizine and Loratadine in allergic patients at the Kusuma Farma Kudus Pharmacy for the period January to July 2021, the percentage of use of Cetirizine (68.13%) and Loratadine (31.87%) drugs. Based on the results of statistical testing, the T-test showed that there was a significant difference between the results of using the antihistamine drug Cetirizin and Loratadine
ANTIOXIDANT TEST AND PEEL-OFF GEL MASK FORMULATION EXTRACT OF RED SPINNING (Amaranthus tricolor L) LEAVES WITH VARIATIONS OF GELLING AGENT TYPES
Background: Antioxidants are substances that inhibit or prevent cell damage due to free radical oxidation. Red spinach leaves (Amaranthus tricolor L.) contain flavonoid compounds, saponins and tanins that have antioxidant potential. The purpose of this study was to determine whether red spinach leaf extract (Amaranthus tricolor L) with various types of gelling agent has antioxidant activity and can be used as a pee-off gel mask formulation.Purpose: This study formulated a gel peel-off mask formulation with a variety of gelling agents, HPMC base 1%, Na CMC 2%and PVA 14%, with the active ingredient 3.5% red spinach leaf extract. Concentrated ethanol extract was obtained by extracting using 96% ethanol solvent maceration. Furthermore, testing the activity with the DPPH method, identifying the phytochemical content and evaluating the peel-off gel preparations using physical test parameters.Antioxidant activity quantitative test with UV-VIS spectrophotometric DPPH method at a wavelength of 517 nm with a comparison of vitamin C. Method: From the research that has been done, it can be concluded that red spinach leaves can be formulated into the most stable peel-off gel mask, namely formula III with a PVA base of 14% with an IC value of 57.04μg/ml showing the strongest antioxidant activity and closer to the test parameters gel masks and parameters against positive control.
Red Spinach Leaves (Amaranthus tricolor L), Peel-of gel mask, Antioxidant, DPPH (1.1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl)
UJI AKTIVITAS GEL EKSTRAK DAUN KELOR (Maringa oelifera L.) DARI KABUPATEN BLORA TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA BAKAR PADA KELINCI New Zealand
Background: The saponin and tannin compounds in Moringa leaf extract stimulate the formation of collagen, namely in the wound healing process and in cleaning so that it is more effective in healing burns. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera L.) ethanol extract gel on burn healing Method: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Moringa leaf extract gel in healing burns in rabbits. This study used 70% ethanol and divided into 3 formulas with the same extract concentration of 9%, for positive control (Biopacenton), negative control (Extract). Results: Data analysis was carried out using one way Anova. The results showed that the ethanol extract gel of Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera L.) with a concentration of 9% with HPMC bases of 8%, 9% and 10% , had activity on the healing of burns on the backs of New Zealand strain rabbits. Conclusion: Moringa leaf ethanol extract gel (Moringa oleifera L.) can heal burns on the backs of New Zealand rabbits.
Burns, New Zealand Rabbit, Extract Gel, Moringa Leaf
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TESTING OF COLLASE LEAF EXTRACT (Centella asiatica L.) AGAINST Propionibacterium acnes BACTERIA
Background: Propionibacterium acnes or P.acnes is a normal skin flora bacteria, but can be the cause of opportunistic infections in the form of acne. Generally, acne is treated using antibacterials aimed at reducing the colonization of bacteria. The centtella asiatica plant (Centtella asiatica) is a plant of one genus as Centella. Research shows that leaf ethanol extract (Centtella asiatica) has antibacterial activity. Purpose: This study aims to determine the antibattery activity of Centella asiatica leaf extract against Propionibacterium acnes and adequate concentration in inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes. Method: Centella asiatica leaves (Centella asiatica) were extracted by maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent. The dieprolwh extract was carried out phytochemical tests and antibacterial activity tests with the well method against Propionibacterium acnes. Clindamycin positive control 20μg, DMSO negative control 10%. Results: Phytochemical test of ethanol extract of centella asiatica leaves containing:
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF LEAF 70% ETHANOL EXTRACT MORINGA (Moringa oleifera L.) AGAINTST BACTERIA Propionibacterium acnes
Background: Medicinal plants contain a variety of active compounds, including as a source of antimicrobials that cause infection. The phytochemical content of Moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera) has the potential to inhibit the growth of acne-causing bacteria. The bacteria that causes acne, namely Propionibacterium acnes, produces the enzyme lipase which breaks down fat into fatty acids which causes inflammation of the skin tissue causing acne to appear. Purpose: To determine the potential of the ethanol extract of Moringa leaf in inhibiting the growth of the Propionibacterium acnes bacteria that causes acne. Method: Moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera) were prepared in powder form, the extract was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol to obtain a thick extract. The thick extract was then identified for the chemical compounds Flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins and phenols. Then the ethanol-free test was carried out. Testing the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera) against P. acnes bacteria using paper disc diffusion and liquid solid dilution methods to determine the KHM and KBM values. Moringa leaf extract (Moringa oleifera) in this study used concentrations of 10%, 20% and 30%, clindamycin as a positive control and 10% DMSO as a negative control. Results: Identification of the chemical compounds of the ethanol extract of Moringa leaf showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and phenols. The ethanol-free test performed showed no ethanol content in the viscous extract. Diameter of the inhibition zone of the ethanol extract of Moringa leaf using the disc diffusion method showed the presence of optimum inhibition at a concentration of 30%. The KHM value for P. acnes bacteria starts at a concentration of 7.5%, and the KBM value at a concentration of 15%. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera L.) showed antibacterial activity against the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria
Ethanol extract of Moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera), antibacterial activity test P. acnes.
SKRINING FITOKIMIA EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% DAUN GANYONG MERAH (CANNA EDULIS KERR.)
Background: Canna (Canna edulis Kerr) is a type of tuber which is a clumped herbaceous plant. N-Hexan Extract of red and white Cannabis contains alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, and phenolics. Purpose: to determine the class of compounds contained in the 70% ethanol extract of Red Ganyong Leaves. Method: This research was carried out in the process of making powder. After the powder was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol to obtain a thick extract. This viscous extract was then identified in the class of flavonoid compounds, alkaloids, steroids, phenolics, tannins and saponins. Results: The drying results obtained were yielded extracts. The phytochemical screening results showed that the flavonoids, steroids, phenolic, tannin and saponin groups were negative, while the results were negative for the alkaloids. Conclusion: The 70% ethanol extract of red Ganyong leaves contains flavonoids, steroids, phenols, tannins and saponins
Red Ganyong, Canna edulis Kerr, screening, phytochemical
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF FENNEL ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES BACTERIA
Background: Recently, natural ingredients are preferred because of their low level of toxicity to their users. Fennel has good properties as an antibacterial, so it is necessary to develop another essential oil taken from fennel to be studied for acne bacteria, namely Propionibacterium acnes. P.acnes is one of the floral bacteria on the surface of the skin, which has a role in the process of forming sebum so that acne occurs. Objective: This research was conducted to obtain the best results from the concentration of essential oils so that the essential oils with the best concentrations could be further developed in cosmetic preparations that are useful as antiacne. Method: Fennel seeds were taken and the steam detailing process was carried out for 7.5 hours. Then after the fennel essential oil was obtained, chemical compounds were tested using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS) method to determine the chemical content of the fennel essential. Furthermore, testing the antibacterial activity of P.acnes on MHA media by inoculation of bacteria on MHA media and then the discs were immersed in different concentrations of essential oils, namely 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%. After that, compare the results of the essential oil discs with Clydamicyn positive control discs and negative control discs. Results: The identification of chemical compounds using GCMs shows that the content of several chemical constituents in essential oils is quite high, such as anetol (83.6%), Fenchone (3.58%); Linalool (0.69%); l-Limonene (3.75%); and benzaldehyde (0.41%). The antibacterial activity test of fennel essential oil against P. acnes showed a fairly large inhibitory power of 1.6 cm at a concentration of 6% fennel essential oil. Conclusion: Fennel essential oil has antibacterial activity against P.acnes bacteria so it is possible to develop it into cosmetic preparations that can inhibit the process of acne.
Fennel Essential Oil, Antibacterial Activity Test, P. acnes, GC-MS
THE UTILIZATION TREE SAP OF BIDURI (CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA) AS THE AEDES AEGYPTI LARVACIDES
Background: For a period of five years, dengue cases in Grobogan district have always increased every year, especially during the rainy season. Although the morbidity rate during that time period increased from 4.67 to 5.47 per 10,000 population, the mortality rate decreased from 2.60 to 1.55. The chemical control of the Aedes aegypti DHF vector is constrained by limited operational funds. One alternative is to use biological insecticides. One of the most effective botanical insecticides against Aedes aegypti larvae is Calothropis gigantea or commonly called biduri by the Indonesian people. Purpose: This study was to determine the benefits of biduri plant sap (Colotropis gigantea) as Aedes aegypti larvacide. Method: This research is a real experimental research design (True Experiment) with a posttest design with a control group (“Posttest Only Control Group Design”) with descriptive and analytical analysis. The analysis used was univariate, bivariate analysis using one way ANOVA to see the benefits of Biduri plant sap (Colotropis gigantea) as Aedes aegypti larvicides. Results: The results showed that 100% mortality was achieved at a dose of 66/1000 ml and 68/1000 ml with a solution concentration of 100%, although at a dose of 62/1000 ml with a solution concentration of 0.62% the killing power was 92.5% and at a dose of 64/1000 ml with a solution concentration of 0.64% the killing power reached 98.3%. This follow-up test was carried out to determine the effective dose in killing Aedes aegypti larvae, namely a dose that could kill 100% of the deaths of 20 larvae tested. Conclusion: The solution of biduri sap (Calotropis gigantea) has a larvicidal effect on the larvae of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. in the 100% toxic category with a solution concentration of 0.66 ml.
PHYSICAL STABILITY TEST FORMULA ON SOYBEAN SEEDS EXTRACT (GLYCINR MAX L.) GROBOGAN REGENCY IN GEL
Background: Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the leading food commodities in Grobogan Regency. Soybean belongs to the flavonoid group, which is one of the natural antioxidant-producing foodstuffs. One of the important components / bioactive compounds found in soybeans and acts as an antioxidant is isoflavones. Isoflavones contained in soybean extract are non-toxic to human skin and can provide a protective effect from the sun, so it can be said that the isoflavones contained in soybean extract can have the ability to scavenge free radicals as well as act as a skin protector from the sun. To obtain a protective effect against ultraviolet light, an appropriate dosage form should be selected, which does not cause irritation, and can carry medicinal ingredients well. Gel preparations have several advantages including non-sticky, easy to dry, has a thin film layer so that it is easy to wash. Purpose: This study was to produce a gel preparation and to determine the physical stability of the Soybean (Glycine max L.) Seed Extract Formulation in Grobogan Regency in Gel Preparations. Method: The instrument uses analytical balance, measuring cup, object glass, stirring rod, mortar and stamper, pH stick, viscometer, stopwatch, adhesion test equipment, dispersion test equipment, and freeze dry. The ingredients are Grobogan soybean seed dry extract, HPMC, methylparaben, propylparaben, glycerin, and distilled water. Results: This research resulted in a gel preparation with soybean seed extract as the raw material. The gel produced when the concentration of HPMC was doubled, from a concentration of 5% to 10% and from a concentration of 10% to 20% could increase viscosity, stickiness, and decrease dispersion, but the increase in HPMC concentration did not affect the pH of the preparation. Conclusion: This study resulted in a gel preparation with an increase in concentration and the gel can affect the physical stability of the gel as indicated by the increase in viscosity, gel adhesion, and a decrease in gel dispersion, but the increase in HPMC concentration did not affect the pH of the preparation
THE EFFECT OF CHERRY (MUNTINGIA CALABURA) JUICE ON INCREASED MEMORY IN MICE (MUS MUSCULUS) BY MORRIS WATER MAZE METHOD
Background: Cherry fruit (Muntingia calabura) contain are alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and flavonoids which serve to neutralize free radicals. Purpose: The research was conducted to know the effect of cherry fruit juice to increased memory in mice using Morris Water Maze (MWM) with the parameter time latency (the time it takes to reach the murine platform). Method: Cherry fruit (Muntingia calabura) was made in the form of juice, where cherry used as many as 50 g and then added 200 ml aquadest. A dose of cherry fruit respectively 0, 064 g/kg BW; 0.13 g/kg BW; 0.26 g/kgBW. Animal test used in this study was a White House mouse (Mus Musculus) male Balb/c strains which are divided in 5 groups, each group consists of 5 mice. There are 2 negative control group (aquadest), positive (Gingko biloba) and 3 treatment groups with cherry fruit juice (0.064; 0.13 0.26 g/kgBW). Mice induced by ethanol 10% orally. Each group of direnangkan treatment on Morris water maze to find the platform. Result: Data analysis was carried out by using one way ANOVA. The results showed that a third of the dose of cherry fruit juice 0.064; 0.13; 0.26 mg/kgBB mice can improve memory in mice. Conclusion: The effective dose of cherry fruit juice is 0.26 mg/dose kgBW because the equivalent positive control group.
Memory, Muntingia calabura, Morris Water Maze (MWM)